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| University Physics with Modern Physics 13th Edition by Young and Freedom book |
COURSE CONTENTS:
1
UNITS,
PHYSICAL
QUANTITIES, AND VECTORS 1
1.1 Nature
of Physics 2
1.2 Solving
Physics Problems 2
1.3 Standards
and Units 4
1.4 Unit
Consistency and Conversions 6
1.5
Uncertainty and Significant Figures 8
1.6 Estimates
and Orders of Magnitude 10
1.7 Vectors
and Vector Addition 10
1.8 Components
of Vectors 14
1.9 Unit
Vectors 19
1.10 Products
of Vectors 20
Summary 26
Questions/Exercises/Problems
27
2
MOTION
ALONG
A STRAIGHT LINE 35
2.1
Displacement, Time, and Average
Velocity 36
2.2 Instantaneous
Velocity 38
2.3 Average
and Instantaneous Acceleration 42
2.4 Motion
with Constant Acceleration 46
2.5 Freely
Falling Bodies 52
2.6 Velocity
and Position by Integration 55
Summary 58
Questions/Exercises/Problems
59
3
MOTION
IN TWO OR
THREE DIMENSIONS 69
3.1 Position
and Velocity Vectors 70
3.2 The
Acceleration Vector 72
3.3 Projectile
Motion 77
3.4 Motion in
a Circle 85
3.5 Relative
Velocity 88
Summary 94
Questions/Exercises/Problems
95
4
NEWTON’S
LAWS OF MOTION 104
4.1 Force and
Interactions 105
4.2 Newton’s
First Law 108
4.3 Newton’s
Second Law 112
4.4 Mass and
Weight 117
4.5 Newton’s
Third Law 120
4.6 Free-Body
Diagrams 124
Summary of 126
Questions/Exercises/Problems
127
5
APPLYING
NEWTON’S LAWS 134
5.1 Using
Newton’s First Law:
Particles in
Equilibrium 134
5.2 Using
Newton’s Second Law:
Dynamics of
Particles 140
5.3 Frictional
Forces 146
5.4 Dynamics
of Circular Motion 154
5.5 The
Fundamental Forces of Nature 159
Summary of 161
Questions/Exercises/Problems
162
6
WORK
AND KINETIC ENERGY 176
6.1 Work 177
6.2 Kinetic
Energy and the Work-Energy
Theorem 181
6.3 Work and The energy with Varying Forces 187
6.4 Power 193
Summary of 196
Questions/Exercises/Problems
197
7
POTENTIAL
ENERGY
AND ENERGY CONSERVATION 207
7.1
Gravitational Potential Energy 208
7.2 Elastic
Potential Energy 216
7.3
Conservative and Nonconservative Forces 221
7.4 Force and
Potential Energy 225
7.5 Energy
Diagrams 228
Summary of 230
Questions/Exercises/Problems
231
8
MOMENTUM,
IMPULSE,
AND COLLISIONS 241
8.1 Momentum
and Impulse 241
8.2
Conservation of Momentum 247
8.3 Momentum
Conservation and Collisions 251
8.4 Elastic
Collisions 255
8.5 Center of
Mass 258
8.6 Rocket Propulsion
262
Summary of 266
Questions/Exercises/Problems
267
9
ROTATION
OF RIGID BODIES 278
9.1 Angular
Velocity and Acceleration of 278
9.2 Rotation
with Constant Angular
Acceleration
283
9.3 Relating
Linear and Angular Kinematics 285
9.4 The energy in Rotational Motion 288
9.5
Parallel-Axis Theorem 293
9.6 Moment-of-Inertia
Calculations 294
Summary of 297
Questions/Exercises/Problems
298
10
DYNAMICS
OF ROTATIONAL
MOTION 308
10.1 Torque
308
10.2 Torque
and Angular Acceleration
for a Rigid
Body 311
10.3
Rigid-Body Rotation About a Moving Axis 314
10.4 Work and
Power in Rotational Motion 320
10.5 Angular
Momentum 322
10.6
Conservation of Angular Momentum 325
10.7
Gyroscopes and Precession 328
Summary of 331
Questions/Exercises/Problems
332
11
EQUILIBRIUM
AND ELASTICITY 344
11.1
Conditions for Equilibrium 345
11.2 Center of
Gravity 345
11.3 Solving
Rigid-Body Equilibrium Problems 348
11.4 Stress,
Strain, and Elastic Moduli 352
11.5
Elasticity and Plasticity 357
Summary of 359
Questions/Exercises/Problems
360
12
FLUID
MECHANICS 373
12.1 Density
373
12.2 Pressure
in a Fluid 375
12.3 Buoyancy
380
12.4 Fluid
Flow 382
12.5 Bernoulli’s
Equation 385
12.6 Viscosity
and Turbulence 389
Summary of 392
Questions/Exercises/Problems
393
13
GRAVITATION
402
13.1 Newton’s
Law of Gravitation 402
13.2 Weight
406
13.3
Gravitational Potential Energy 409
13.4 The motion of Satellites 411
13.5 Kepler’s
Laws and the Motion of Planets 414
13.6 Spherical
Mass Distributions 418
13.7 Apparent
Weight and the Earth’s Rotation 421
13.8 Black
Holes 423
Summary of 427
Questions/Exercises/Problems
428
14
PERIODIC
MOTION 437
14.1
Describing Oscillation 437
14.2
Simple Harmonic Motion 439
14.3 Energy in
Simple Harmonic Motion 446
14.4
Applications of Simple Harmonic Motion 450
14.5 The
Simple Pendulum 453
14.6 The
Physical Pendulum 455
14.7 Damped
Oscillations 457
14.8 Forced
Oscillations and Resonance 459
Summary of 461
Questions/Exercises/Problems
462
WAVES/ACOUSTICS
15
MECHANICAL
WAVES 472
15.1 Types of
Mechanical Waves 473
15.2 Periodic
Waves 474
15.3
Mathematical Description of a Wave 477
15.4 Speed of
a Transverse Wave 482
15.5 Energy in
Wave Motion 486
15.6 Wave
Interference, Boundary Conditions,
and Superposition
489
15.7 Standing
Waves on a String 491
15.8 Normal
Modes of a String 495
Summary of 499
Questions/Exercises/Problems
500
16
SOUND
AND HEARING 509
16.1 Sound
Waves 509
16.2 Speed of
Sound Waves 514
16.3 Sound
Intensity of 518
16.4 Standing
Sound Waves
and Normal
Modes 522
16.5 Resonance
and Sound 527
16.6
Interference of Waves 529
16.7 Beats 531
16.8 The
Doppler Effect 533
16.9 Shock
Waves 538
Summary of 541
Questions/Exercises/Problems
542
17
TEMPERATUREAND HEAT 551
17.1
Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium 552
17.2
Thermometers and Temperature Scales 553
17.3 Gas
Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale 554
17.4 Thermal
Expansion of 557
17.5 Quantity
of Heat 562
17.6
Calorimetry and Phase Changes 565
17.7
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer 570
Summary of 578
questions/Exercises/Problems 579
18 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER 590
18.1 Equations
of State 591
18.2 Molecular
Properties of Matter 596
18.3
Kinetic-Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas 599
18.4 Heat
Capacities 605
18.5 Molecular
Speeds 608
18.6 Phases of
Matter 610
Summary of 614
Questions/Exercises/Problems
615
19
THE
FIRST LAW OF
THERMODYNAMICS 624
19.1
Thermodynamic Systems 624
19.2 Work Done
During Volume Changes 625
19.3 Paths
Between Thermodynamic States 628
19.4 Internal
Energy and the First Law
of
Thermodynamics 629
19.5 Kinds of
Thermodynamic Processes 634
19.6 Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas 636
19.7 Heat
Capacities of an Ideal Gas 636
19.8 Adiabatic
Processes for an Ideal Gas 639
Summary of 643
Questions/Exercises/Problems
644
20
THE
SECOND LAW OF
THERMODYNAMICS 652
20.1
Directions of Thermodynamic Processes 652
20.2 Heat
Engines 654
20.3
Internal-Combustion Engines 657
20.4
Refrigerators 659
20.5 The Second
Law of Thermodynamics 661
20.6 The
Carnot Cycle 663
20.7 Entropy
669
20.8
Microscopic Interpretation of Entropy 675
Summary of 678
Questions/Exercises/Problems
679
ELECTROMAGNETISM
21
ELECTRIC
CHARGE
AND ELECTRIC FIELD 687
21.1 Electric
Charge 688
21.2 Conductors,
Insulators, and Induced Charges 691
21.3 Coulomb’s
Law 693
21.4 Electric
Field and Electric Forces 698
21.5
Electric-Field Calculations 703
21.6 Electric
Field Lines 708
21.7 Electric
Dipoles 709
Summary of 714
Questions/Exercises/Problems 71
questions/Exercises/Problems 579
22
GAUSS’S
LAW 725
22.1 Charge
and Electric Flux 725
22.2
Calculating Electric Flux 728
22.3 Gauss’s
Law 732
22.4
Applications of Gauss’s Law 736
22.5 Charges
on Conductors 741
Summary of 746
Questions/Exercises/Problems
747
23
ELECTRIC
POTENTIAL 754
23.1 Electric
Potential Energy 754
23.2 Electric
Potential 761
23.3
Calculating Electric Potential 767
23.4
Equipotential Surfaces 771
23.5 Potential
Gradient 774
Summary of 777
Questions/Exercises/Problems
778
24
CAPACITANCE
AND DIELECTRICS 788
24.1
Capacitors and Capacitance 789
24.2
Capacitors in Series and Parallel 793
24.3 Energy
Storage in Capacitors
and
Electric-Field Energy 796
24.4
Dielectrics 800
24.5 Molecular
Model of Induced Charge 805
24.6 Gauss’s
Law in Dielectrics 807
Summary of 809
Questions/Exercises/Problems
810
25
CURRENT,
RESISTANCE, AND
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE 818
25.1 Current
819
25.2
Resistivity 822
25.3 Resistance
825
25.4
Electromotive Force and Circuits 828
25.5 Energy
and Power in Electric Circuits 834
25.6 Theory of
Metallic Conduction 838
Summary of 841
Questions/Exercises/Problems
842
26
DIRECT-CURRENT
CIRCUITS 850
26.1 Resistors
in Series and Parallel 850
26.2 Kirchhoff’s
Rules 855
26. 26.2
Kirchhoff’s Rules 855
26.3
Electrical Measuring Instruments 860
26.4 R-C
Circuits 864
26.5 Power
Distribution Systems 868
Summary of 873
Questions/Exercises/Problems
8743 Electrical Measuring Instruments
27
MAGNETIC
FIELD
AND MAGNETIC FORCES 883
27.1 Magnetism
883
27.2 Magnetic
Field 885
27.3 Magnetic
Field Lines and Magnetic Flux 889
27.4 Motion of
Charged Particles
in a Magnetic
Field 892
27.5
Applications of Motion
of Charged
Particles 896
27.6 Magnetic
Force on a
Current-Carrying
Conductor 898
27.7 Force and
Torque on a Current Loop 901
27.8 The
Direct-Current Motor 907
27.9 The Hall
Effect 909
Summary of 911
Questions/Exercises/Problems
912
28
SOURCES
OF MAGNETIC FIELD 923
28.1 Magnetic
Field of a Moving Charge 923
28.2 Magnetic
Field of a Current Element 926
28.3 Magnetic
Field of a Straight
Current-Carrying
Conductor 928
28.4 Force
Between Parallel Conductors 931
28.5 Magnetic
Field of a Circular Current Loop 932
28.6 Ampere’s
Law 935
28.7
Applications of Ampere’s Law 938
28.8 Magnetic
Materials 941
Summary of 947
Questions/Exercises/Problems
949
29
ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION 957
29.1 Induction
Experiments 958
29.2 Faraday’s
Law 959
29.3 Lenz’s
Law 967
29.4 Motional
Electromotive Force 969
29.5 Induced
Electric Fields 971
29.6 Eddy
Currents 974
29.7
Displacement Current and
Maxwell’s
Equations 975
29.8
Superconductivity 979
Summary of 981
Questions/Exercises/Problems
982
30
INDUCTANCE
991
30.1 Mutual
Inductance 991
13.2
Self-Inductance and Inductors 994
30.3
Magnetic-Field Energy 998
30.4 The R-L
Circuit 1001
30.5 The L-C
Circuit 1005
30.6 The L-R-C
Series Circuit 1009
Summary of 1012
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1013
31
ALTERNATING
CURRENT 1021
31.1 Phasors
and Alternating
Currents 1021
31.2
Resistance and Reactance 1024
31.3 The L-R-C
Series Circuit 1030
31.4 Power in
Alternating-Current
Circuits 1034
31.5 Resonance
in Alternating-Current
Circuits 1037
31.6
Transformers 1040
Summary of 1043
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1044
32
ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVES 1051
32.1 Maxwell’s
Equations and
Electromagnetic
Waves 1052
32.2 Plane
Electromagnetic Waves
and the Speed
of Light 1055
32.3
Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Waves 1060
32.4 Energy
and Momentum
in
Electromagnetic Waves 1064
32.5 Standing
Electromagnetic Waves 1069
Summary of 1073
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1074
OPTICS
33
THE
NATURE AND
PROPAGATION OF LIGHT 1080
33.1 The
Nature of Light 1080
33.2
Reflection and Refraction 1082
33.3 Total
Internal Reflection 1088
33.4
Dispersion 1091
33.5
Polarization 1093
33.6
Scattering of Light 1100
33.7 Huygens’s
Principle 1102
Summary of 1105
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1106
34
GEOMETRIC
OPTICS 1114
34.1
Reflection and Refraction at a
Plane Surface
1114
34.2
Reflection at a Spherical Surface 1118
34.3
Refraction at a Spherical Surface 1126
34.4 Thin
Lenses 1131
34.5 Cameras
1139
34.6 The Eye
1142
34.7 The
Magnifier 1146
34.8
Microscopes and Telescopes 1147
Summary of 1152
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1153
35
INTERFERENCE
1163
35.1
Interference and Coherent Sources 1164
35.2
Two-Source Interference of Light 1166
35.3 Intensity
in Interference Patterns 1170
35.4
Interference in Thin Films 1173
35.5 The
Michelson Interferometer 1179
Summary of 1182
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1183
36
DIFFRACTION
1190
36.1 Fresnel
and Fraunhofer Diffraction 1191
36.2
Diffraction from a Single Slit 1192
36.3 Intensity
in the Single-Slit Pattern 1195
36.4 Multiple
Slits 1199
36.5 The
Diffraction Grating 1201
36.6 X-Ray
Diffraction 1205
36.7 Circular
Apertures and Resolving Power 1208
36.8
Holography 1211
Summary of 1214
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1215
MODERN PHYSICS
37
RELATIVITY
1223
37.1
Invariance of Physical Laws 1223
37.2
Relativity of Simultaneity 1227
37.3
Relativity of Time Intervals 1228
37.4
Relativity of Length 1233
37.5 The
Lorentz Transformations 1237
37.6 The
Doppler Effect for
Electromagnetic
Waves 1241
37.7
Relativistic Momentum 1243
37.8
Relativistic Work and Energy 1246
37.9 Newtonian
Mechanics and Relativity 1249
Summary of 1252
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1253
38
PHOTONS:
LIGHT WAVES
BEHAVING AS PARTICLES 1261
38.1 Light
Absorbed as Photons:
The
Photoelectric Effect 1261
38.2 Light
Emitted as Photons:
X-Ray
Production 1266
38.3 Light
Scattered as Photons: Compton
Scattering and
Pair Production 1269
38.4 Wave-Particle
Duality, Probability,
and
Uncertainty 1273
Summary of 1280
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1281
39
PARTICLES
BEHAVING
AS WAVES 1286
39.1 Electron
Waves 1286
39.2 The
Nuclear Atom and Atomic Spectra 1292
39.3 Energy
Levels and the Bohr Model
of the Atom
1297
39.4 The Laser
1307
39.5
Continuous Spectra 1310
39.6 The
Uncertainty Principle Revisited 1314
Summary of 1318
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1319
40
QUANTUM
MECHANICS 1328
40.1 Wave
Functions and the One-Dimensional
Schrödinger
Equation 1328
40.2 Particle
in a Box 1338
40.3 Potential
Wells 1343
40.4 Potential
Barriers and Tunneling 1347
40.5 The
Harmonic Oscillator 1350
Summary of 1355
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1356
41
ATOMIC
STRUCTURE of 1364
41.1 The
Schrödinger Equation in
Three
Dimensions 1365
41.2 Particle
in a Three-Dimensional Box 1366
41.3 The
Hydrogen Atom 1372
41.4 The Zeeman
Effect of 1379
41.5 Electron
Spin 1383
41.6
Many-Electron Atoms
and the
Exclusion Principle 1387
41.7 X-Ray
Spectra 1393
Summary of 1397
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1399
42
MOLECULES
AND
CONDENSED MATTER 1405
42.1 Types of
Molecular Bonds 1405
42.2 Molecular
Spectra 1408
42.3 Structure
of Solids 1412
42.4 Energy
Bands 1416
42.5
Free-Electron Model of Metals 1418
42.6
Semiconductors 1422
42.7
Semiconductor Devices 1425
42.8
Superconductivity 1430
Summary of 1431
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1432
43
NUCLEAR
PHYSICS 1439
43.1
Properties of Nuclei 1439
43.2
Nuclear Binding and Nuclear Structure 1444
443.3
Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity 1449
43.4
Activities and Half-Lives 1456
43.5
Biological Effects of Radiation 1459
43.6 Nuclear
Reactions 1462
43.7 Nuclear
Fission 1464
43.8 Nuclear
Fusion 1469
Summary of 1472
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1473
44
PARTICLE
PHYSICS
AND COSMOLOGY 1480
44.1
Fundamental Particles—A History 1480
44.2 Particle
Accelerators and Detectors 1485
44.3 Particles
and Interactions 1490
44.4 Quarks
and the Eightfold Way 1496
44.5 The
Standard Model and Beyond 1499
44.6 The
Expanding Universe 1501
44.7 The
Beginning of Time 1508
Summary of 1517
Questions/Exercises/Problems
1518
APPENDICES
A. The
International System of Units A-1
B Useful
Mathematical Relations A-3
C The Greek Alphabet
A-4
D Periodic
Table of Elements A-5
E Unit
Conversion Factors A-6
F Numerical
Constants A-7
Answers to
Odd-Numbered Problems A-9
Photo Credits
C-1
Index
I-1
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